Speed-control apparatus.



M. E. LEEDS.

SPEED CONTROL APPARATUS.

APPLIoATIoN PILE sBPT.11,1911.

Patented Apr. 1, 1913.

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-Mo'nRIs E. Lienns, oF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA srEED-coNrnoLAPPARATUS..

Specication of Letters retent. Application led September' 11, 1911.Serial No.1648,649.

Patented Apr. 1,1913.

ernon-the circuit contacts.' controlling any 15 desired circuit, butpreferably 'a circuitconvice or governor depends for trolling the speedof @the motor or other. mechanism upon which the centrifugal deitsspeed. Myf invention resides in thelfeatures here- -in fter .describedand claimed.

van illustration of some of the forms myffinvention may take referenceis to be had to the accompanying drawing, in which: 'Figure 1 is anelevational view, parts in section, illustrating contact control by acentrifu'gal governor driven, by an electric motor. Fig. 2 is a diagramof one system of circuits which'm'ay beemployed fora series woundmotor.. systjemof circuits which may be employed fora-shunt wound motor.Fig. 4-is a cross sectional view, some parts in elevation, of a-modi-tied form'-ofcentrifugaloontact gov-` ernor.' Eig. 5 is a crosssect in velevatoin, of a :further form of centrifugal "contact'governorli Referring, to Fig. 1,M represents an electri'cmtor whose'armature orrotor is mounted upon' anddl'ves the shaft )1 mounted in theiisualVbearings 2, 2. .Secured to the shaft 1 by screw' is thelcoupling 4 ofinsulating material 'upon which `is secured by7 screw -5 the wormfmeshing-'with and driv- A ing the gear 7 ;montedjpon and driving the4shaft 8'havig abearingf-in'lthe member` V9'. The-Shait 10 coaxialwiththfelmotor'.v

shaftfl is secured to the :insulating-'coupling 4" by the screw 1 1.-The motonshaft 1 ,therefore iindrieal heb 1 2 itegnaiwith or secured tothesupportmggmemb'er or bracket. 13. At on the;arm 14fo the supportiI'g1nem'-j be`r-or bracketl `is pivotedthe levier-16; 56 havmgsecredthereto orintegra'wl'therewith" Fig. 3 is a diagram of a onal view,parts drivesfbothv'the 'worin 6 and the shaafe asu-1o., 'Sefared uponthe shaft/1o is the c'yi 'fwithzthe thelever arm 17l prefer-,ably screwthreaded, upon which is threaded or yotherwise adjustably supported thegovernor weight 18. The lever arm 17. which with the lever arm 16 may beconsidered to form a bell crank lever, extends preferably substantiallyparlallel with the axis of the shaft 10. .To the lever arm 17 isattached one end of a spring 19, here shown under tension, whose otherend is secured to the rod 20' passing through an arm 21 of the bracket13, different tensions being put upon the spring 19 according to theposition of the rod 20 which may.

be`v secured in any of its adjusted positions by the screw 22. The leverarm 16 carries the movable contact 23 adapted to engage the stationarycontact 24 adjustable by screw 25, the latter carried by 'the arm 26which lmay be upon the member 9. A lock-nut 27 may be provided tokeepthe screw in its adjusted position. The contacts 23 and 24 are atthe axis of rotation, the contacts 23 and 24 being coaxial with theshaft 10. By

Ythis arrangement of the contacts at the axis of rotatlon their Wear isvery slight, and, furthermore, one of the-contacts may be stationary andthus avoid -a sliding contact for maintaining electrical 'communicationtherewith from an external circuit or device.

Thelever arm-16- is here shown as extending bayond the contact 23 intoclosel proximity tothe arm 21, which latter isprovided'ivith anindicating mark or device 28. The arm 16 carries at its end anindicating mark or device 29 which-by adjustment of the screw 25 may bebrought exactly oppolsite the. indicating device or mark 28 to determinether normalposition of the contacts 23 and 24'. In other words,'as thecontacts 23 and 24 wear away `thespeed at which `=they are separatedbythe Vcentrifugal governor-fmay change as the weargo'es on. he

downwardly and the normalosition is determined byjbringingthe Vini'catingi device v29 exactly opposite the indicating -device 28',

zin which position the weight 18 is'at proper distanceffrom the axis of'rotation. I

The 'parte shaft' 1.o *rotate member 9 or any Varv p'artsfand theserotating parts are-1.11-

.afford electrical communication fwith the contact '23 'a carbon orotherbru's'h bear's 13,123,16, es, ete., drivenby the' freely withoutcontacting of the station-y wear is 'taken up byv adi-usting'the screw25 snlated b y the insulatedj'coupling 4. To`

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upon the cylindrical hub 12, of metal, which is in electricalcommunication through the metal parts-'13, 14 and 16 withl the contact23. The brush is mounted in a socket in the conducting member or brushholder 31, the spring 32 keeping the brush 30 in' contact with the hub12. One circuit wire, as 33, is connected to the brush holder 31, whilethe other circuit wire, as 34, is connected lto contact 24 through screw25.

The operation is as follows: The motor drives the shaft 10 and rotatesthe bracket or the spring 19,k

supporting member 13;

,. weight 18, levers 16 and 17 and cont-act 23 -lever arm, while thecontact 23 is on a long lever arm, and, in consequence, a slightmovement of the weight 18 is accompanied by a relatively greatermovement on the part of the contact 23. Therefore, u on a slightincrease of speed abovev a pr etermined limit the slight outwardmovement of the weight 18 withdraws the 'contact 23 from engagement withthe contact`24, breaking the circuit in which they are included. The

circuit including the contacts 23y and 24 may bey any circuit, and,as-above stated, is opened upon an increase of speed on the part of theshaft 10. Upon decrease of speed on the part of the shaft 10'thecentrifugal force decreases and the spring 19 is able to return thecontacts 23 and 24 into engaging position as shown in Fig. 1, in

which condition they continue until a later` increase of speed above apredetermined limit.

As shown in Fig. 1, the motor shaft 1 and the shaft 10 arevertical, theweight'18, contact 23 and associated parts rotat-in about a verticalaxis. It is to 4be understoo however, that the'axis of rotation may bein other positions according to requirements.

By wa of example, the shaft v8 driven by gear through worm 6, mayin turndrive. the paperceding mechanism of'any suitable type of recorder, andmay also drive the continuously rotating shaft 15 of. a recorder such asillustrated in my prior Patent No. 965,824, granted July 26, 1910.

l Thev` construction of governing' device illustrated in Fig. 1 is mypreferred form because of the slight wearl upon the conv tacts ldue totheir axial arrangement; be-

cause a very slight movement of the weight' serves to separate thecont-acts. a suilicient distance for vpractical purposes; and because,due to the arrangement of weight and spring, there is very slightfriction at the pivot 15. r

The contacts 23 and 24 may Acontrol the motor M itself, so as to causesuch motor to rotate at practically constant speed. even .when the motorwindings are hot or cold and with wide iuctuations in the potentialimpressed upon the motor windings.

When the motor isa series wound motor thecontrol circuits may `bearranged as shown in Fig. 2. The current supply conductors arerepresented at and 36, the current supplied thereto being either directcurrent or alternating current. A resistance 37 of suitable magnitudemay be in-` cluded in the motor circuit as occasion may require. AAnd anadjustable resistance 38 is mcluded in series with the motor windings,and for the purpose illustrated in Fig. 2 the resistance 38 is em loyedbut the resistance 37 may be omitte The adjustable resistance 38, andthe resistance 37 when employed, is in series with the motor windings ofwhich 39 is the motor armature winding and 40, 40 the motor iieldwinding. The

.one contact, as 24, of the governing device is connected throughconductor 34 to one termin'al of the resistance 38, while the othercontact, as 23, is connected through conductor .33 to the votherterminal of the resist-ance 38. y

When the motor M is running below or at normal speed, the contacts 23and 24 are.

' inr engagementthus short circuiting the resistance 38. When, however,the speed of the motor M rises above the desired or critical speed, thecontacts 23 and 24 separate, as previously described, thus cutting intothe circuit of the windings of the motor M the resistance 38, whichcauses the motor to slow down. With the resultant reduced speed thecontacts 23 and 24 again comeinto engagement and short circuit thelresistance 38, allowing the motor t0 run at the normal -ordesiredspeed, and when it again rises in speed these contacts separateagain toagain cut in the resistance 38. Inl the continuous operation ofthe apparatus the contacts "23 are closed and separated from time totime to short circuit and to cut in the resistance` 38, so that themotor runs at a quite constant speed, and, indeed, by this arrangement,I

have-maintained the speed of the motor and the lfallparatus driventhereby so constant that t e paper in a recorder vhas been driven by themotor at a rate so constant as to be comparable with the rate of travelof the paper-when driven by clockwork, which, by this arrangement, maybe dispensed with.

In Fig. 3 I have illustrated a shunt wound motor as controlled bythe'centrifugal govemor.l Here the supply conductors are again' representedby 35 and 36. The shunt field winding 41, 41 ism; au timessubjqcdj g,ybythe brushes 43, 43 with the supply conductos 35 .and 36. Bridgedacross the armature terminals is the adjustable resistance 44 in serieswith which are the governor contacts -23 and 24. In this case when themotor D is rotatingbelow or at normal speed the contacts 23 and 24 areseparated. Butwhen the speed increases beyond the desired limit thecontacts 23 and 24 are brought into engagement, thereby affording a paththrough the resistance 44 for current generated 1n the armature 39 nowrunning as a generator and this current consumed in the resistance 44electromagnetically brakes the motor reducing' its speed to normal orslightly be- Q low, when the contacts 23 and .24 are again separated. l

In lFig. 4 I have illustrated a form of governor .device in which, no`contact rotates with the governor' shaft. Here again 10 is representsthe governory driving shaft which has secured upon it a bracket orsupporting member 13 having an arm 14 and an arm 21, the latterreceivingthe set-screw 22 to hold the rod in adjusted position, one endof the spring 19 belng secured to the rod 2O While its other .end issecured to the lever arm 17 integral with or secured to the lever arm16, thus forming what maybe termed a bell crank lever, pivoted at' 15 inthe bracket arm 14. The -Weifght 18 is -again provided and is adjustablelongitudinally of the a`rm 17. At its outer iendthearm 16 has securedtoit the axially extending membel' 45 which in'its rotation runs freelyin lever 47 pivoted at 48 to the stationary bracket 49'. The member 45ca rries a head between-which' and the member 45 is disposed the arm 46.v'Ihelever arm 47 carries the contact 23 which is adaptedto engagev thecontact 24 carried bythe screw 25 engaging screws 52/to Ithe stationarybracket 49, but

,nects with the. metallic bracket 49. and is,f therefore, in electricalcommunication with the contact 23.; The other circuit wire, as 35,connects with, the insulated screw 25. rlhe stationary bracket 49 is.provided with a stop' 56 for limitingthe separation of the contacts 23andl24. ,x 'In hoperation, when'the' speed increases beyond a desiredlimit the weight l'c'arries Y the arm 17 outwardly thus depressing arm1.6 and'throu'gh thefmember' 45 and the head 50 depresse's -thegarm 4.6with V relation 'to y6 5 iwhchthey are rotating, mbvlng the lever thearm 46 forming an extension uponthe in the lmetal block51 secured byl4:7 and its Contact 23 in a clock-wise direction about the pivot 48 inthe stationary bracket 49, thus bringing the contacts 23 engagement witheach ot er. When th and 24 intospeed of the shaft 10 decreases thecontacts 23 and 2 4 again separate. By .this arrangement all slidingcontacts, such as 30-12 of Fig. 1, are dispensed with. Furthermore,

for a given outward movement of the weighty 18, there is a relativelygreater movement of s the contact 23 due Yto the multiplication ofdistances due tothe relations of levers 17,' 16, 46 and 47.

A further form of governor is illustrated in'Fig. 5. Here the gdvernorshaft 10 carries a metallic cylinder 57 on the inside of which is abracket 58 carrying the pivot 59 upon ,which are pivoted the 'lever arms16 and 17, again secured to or integral with each other. Upon the arm 17is the longitudinally adjustable Weight 18. A spring 19 having o'ne endvconnected to thelever 16 and the'other end connected to the cylinder 57biases the parts to the position shown. On the inner side of thecylinder 57 at the end of the lever 16 isprovided a stop 60 for limitingthe separation of'the contacts 23 and 24, the contact 23 being carriedrby the lever 16 While the contact' 2 4 issuppcrted upon the cylinder 57but insulated there- The contact 24 is connected to the slip ring y51insulatedvfromthe cylinder 57 by the insulating ring 62. Upon the slipring y61 bears a carbon` or other brush 63 and upon the hub 64 f thecylinder 57, bears the carbon or other brush 30 in'an arrangementsimilar .to that in Fig. 1. The brush 30 is in electricalcommunication-through the cylinder 57 bracket58 and lever'16 with thecontact 23; and, as above stated, the contact 24 is in electricalcommunication with the .slip ring 61 and, therefore, with the brush y63.Here again if the speed increases beyond a critical or desired speedAthe `Weight 18 in .moving outwardly brlngs the contact 23 into:engagement with' contact '24 to .close any desired circuit. Here againthe `contact '23 moves a relatively gratdistance compared tothe .weight18.- j l Tli" ,rangeinents of Figs. 4'and' 5 may, of course,` controlany circuit and may control the circuits as disclosed in Figs. 2 and 3,or their equivalents. i I have herein shown my centrifugal ernor asapplied .to the controlv of 'speed of motors'having bcthconstantspeedand v9 riable speed characteristics.

Theright, angle bellA crank lever` Whose short arm extendssubstantiallyarallel to the axis of-rotation and carrieshe governorweight, is of advantage in that the adjustment'b the Weight on its armvaries the pull ofthe weight against the spring without, however,'changing the radins of .the circle 'in which the `Weight revolves. By

rso

i posed in fixed relation with respect to said weight through a distancegreaterthan the rigid contact actuated by the longer arm of porting.said bell crank lever upon said rotating member, one arm of said bellcrank 4tion the centrifugal .force of these parts has the axis ofrotation, a weight .disposed upon having the other armof the bell cranksubstantially at right angles tothe axis of rotaa minor infiuence, andthe contact carried by this arm, may, in consequence, Wear away withouthaving an influence on the critical speed. These advantages flow fromthe construction of bot-h Figs. 1 and 5.

What I claim is:

1.. In apparatus of the character described, the'combination witharotatingmember, of a weight pivoted thereto and disposed upon an armsubstantially parallel with the axis of rotation of said member, meansopposing the movement of said weight, a contact disposed in said axis ofrotation and in fixed re-y lation with respect to said Weight, and aco-l operating rigid contact.

2. In apparatus of the character described, the combination with arotating member, of a Weight pivoted thereto and disposed upon an armsubstantially parallel Wi'lh the axis of rotation of said member, meansopposing the movement of said weight, a contact. disposed in said axisof rotation andl in fixed relation with respect to said Weight, and acoperating rigid contact, said contacts be-, ing normally in engagementwith each other.

3. In apparatus of the character described, the combination with arotating member, of a weight, a pivot supporting the same on said,rotating member on an arm substantially parallell with the axis of'rotation of said member, means opposing the movement of said Weight, acontactdis- Weight rotating with and actuated by said movement of saidWeightsaid rotating contact disposed in the axis of rotation, andv a'neri-rotating contact adapted /to be engaged by said rotating contact,engagement of said contacts by each other positively limiting movementof said weight b said means.

4. In apparatus of the c aracter described, the combination. with avrotating member, of a bell crank lever, a pivot supporting said bellcrank lever upon said rotating member, one arm of said bell -crank leverextendingf substantially parallel with said arm, a tension springattached to said arm and to said rotating member land opposing theoutward movement of said weight, a

said bell crank lever, and a coperating rigid Contact. I

5. In apparatus of the character described, the combination with arotating member,`of a bell crank lever, a pivot suplever extendingsubstantially'l arallel with the axis of rotation, a weight lsposed uponsaid arm, means attached `to said arm and opposing thejoutward movementof said Weight, a rigid contact actuated by the other arm ofsaid bellcrank lever and dis posed in the axis of rotation, and a c0- operatingrigid contact.

6. In apparatus of the character described, the combination with arotating member, ofA a Weight carried thereby on an arm substantiallyparallel with the axis of rotation and movable with respect theretounder the influence of centrifugal force, a springjscured at it'sone endto said rotating member and its other end to said arm opposing theUoutward `movement of said Weight, a rigid axial contact carried in fixedrelation with said Weight, and a coperating rigid contact adapted to beengaged bysaid first named contact. l

7. In 'apparatus of the character described, the combination witharotating member, of a weight carriedthereby on an arm substantiallyparallel with the axis of i relation with respect to said weight, andarigid stationary contact adapted to be engaged by said rotatingcontact.

8. In apparatus of`v the character described, the combination 'with arotating member, of 'a bell-crank lever pivoted upon said rotatingmember, one arm of said bellcrank lever extending substantially parallelwith the axis of rotation of'said member, a weight disposed upon saldarm, means at- .tached to said arm and opposing the out- Ward movementof said' Weight, a rigid axial contact carried by the other arm of saidbell crank lever, and a second ri id contact adapted to be engaged bysaid rst named contact.

9. In apparatus of the character described, the combination with arotating shaft, of a member secured thereto, a leverl pivoted to saidmember, one arm of said lever extending substantially parallel with theaxis of rotation of said shaft, a weight carried bysaid arm, a springbeyond the endof said shaft attached at its one end to said member andat-its other end to said! arm, another arm of said lever over-hungbeyond the end of'said shaft, a rigid vcontact carried in fixed.relation withl said second lever arm, and a coperating ri 'd contactadapted to be engaged by saidv rst named contact. f w

.10. In apparatus of the character described, the combination with arotating shaft, of a'bracket secured thereto, a lever pivot/ed to saidbracket and having an arm extending substantially parallel with the axisof /rotation of said shaft', a weight on said arm, a spring attached atits one end to said arm extending across said shaft and secured at itsother end to said bracket, said lever having a second arm extendin tothe axis of rotation of said shaft, a rigi Contact actuated by saidsecond arm, and a cooperating rigid Contact adapted to be engaged bysaid first named contact.

11. In apparatus ofthe character described, a rotating shaft, a bracketsecured thereon, a rigid member pivoted on said bracket, a rigid Contactsupported b said member in the axis of rotation o said shaft, acoperating rigid contact, a weight on said rigid member, and a s ringopposin'g outward movement of sai weight attached to said rigid memberon the same side of the pivot with said weight.

f In testimony whereof I have hereunto affixed my signature in thepresence of the two subscribing witnesses.

MORRIS E. LEEDS.

Witnesses:

MAUD SHARPLEss, MABEL H. MACMUNN.

